Abstract:

Optical access in the visible spectrum and large-area electrical contact are two key components of many modern technologies, and both are made possible by transparent conducting oxides (TCO). The characteristics of an oxide may be modified by adding either native or substitutional dopants, allowing for the achievement of both high transparency and the desirable electrical conductivity (>103 -1cm-1). The deposition of transparent conducting oxides (TCO) has gained popularity due to its potential use in LEDs, OLEDs, and flat panel displays. The electrical and optical characteristics of the TCO materials employed in their manufacture determine the efficiency and performance of these devices. Increasing the number of charge carriers or the mobility of carriers is one way to improve the electrical characteristics of these substances. Doping the substance increases the concentration of carriers. This is because ionized impurities enhance carrier scattering and free carriers absorb more light, reducing carrier mobility.

Description:

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